The proton and the neutron, collectively called nucleons, are the building blocks of the visible universe. They are not elementary particles, but in term are made of quarks and gluons, the degrees of freedom of the theory that describes the strong interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics. In my talk, I will discuss the details of the nucleon structure and in particular the so-called three-dimensional (3D) nucleon structure. Existing and future facilities such as the Electron-Ion Collider are studying the 3D nucleon structure. I will provide an overview of the current knowledge and demonstrate the significance of the 3D structure and its relation to other topics in hadronic physics.
Attilio Vargiu